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  • January 11, 2021 India on way to becoming Covid vaccine hub as nations seek millions of ‘Made in India’ doses. After taking the lead on the supply of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), India is now on the way to become the coronavirus vaccine hub to “save humanity”, against the Covid-19 infection

    January 11, 2021 India on way to becoming Covid vaccine hub as nations seek millions of ‘Made in India’ doses. After taking the lead on the supply of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), India is now on the way to become the coronavirus vaccine hub to “save humanity”, against the Covid-19 infection.

    After taking the lead on Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), India has taken the lead on coronavirus vaccines. From developing, manufacturing to becoming a key supplier, New Delhi will be playing a critical role in the global inoculation program against the coronavirus.

    Many countries have requested India either on a government-to-government (G2G) basis or by directly placing orders with the vaccine developers who are manufacturing the doses in India.

    The other option for most low and middle-income countries is to source vaccines through the GAVI-COVAX alliance, where all the partner countries who manufacture the vaccine would give part of the doses to this alliance to make vaccines available to 92 such countries that fall in this category.

    Amid all the global clamour for coronavirus vaccines, Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Saturday had reiterated the role India intends to play in order to “save humanity” by providing doses of the two Indian-manufactured vaccines that have been cleared for emergency use, Covishield and Covaxin, to the rest of the world.

    “India used to import PPE kits, masks, ventilators and testing kits from outside but today our nation is self-reliant. Today, India is ready to save humanity with two ‘Made in India’ coronavirus vaccines,” Prime Minister Modi told the Indian diaspora, during his inaugural address at the Pravasi Bharatiya Divas on Saturday.

    India is all set to deploy its capacities in vaccine production and supply. Besides the neighbours, barring Pakistan, Brazil, Morocco, Saudi Arabia, Myanmar, Bangladesh, South Africa have made official announcements seeking vaccines from India.

    “India has been at the forefront of the global response in the common fight against the coronavirus pandemic, from the beginning. And, sees international cooperation in this field, particularly with its neighbours, as its duty,” Anurag Srivastava, MEA spokesperson, said.

    ‘NEIGHBOURHOOD FIRST’
    Sources say the government will accord priority to all its neighbours, be it Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Sri Lanka or even Afghanistan, in vaccine distribution.

    NEPAL

    Kathmandu has requested 12 million doses of coronavirus vaccine, which India is likely to supply. Ahead of his visit to India on January 14, Foreign Minister Pradeep Gyawali reportedly told the media in Kathmandu that India and Nepal are looking at signing a coronavirus pact.

    According to reports, Nepal sought India’s help to procure Covid-19 vaccines for around 20 per cent of its population, as the Himalayan nation ramps up its efforts to contain the deadly virus that has killed more than 1,800 people and infected over 260,000 others.

    BHUTAN

    Bhutan has requested 1 million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca or ‘Covishield’ vaccine, being manufactured at Serum Institute of India (SII), Pune.

    MYANMAR

    Myanmar has signed a purchase contract with the Serum Institute of India (SII). It also has a deal with China to source vaccines.

    “The purchase contract for buying the first batch of the vaccines from India has already been signed. As soon as the authorities concerned in India have issued permission to use this vaccine, we have made arrangements for the import of these vaccines into Myanmar,” announced, State Counsellor Daw AungSan Suu Kyi in her New Year address to the nation.

    Myanmar has also asked the World Health Organization’s COVAX programme and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunisation (GAVI) to secure vaccines for its poor.

    BANGLADESH

    Bangladesh has requested 30 million doses of Covishield. In November, Bangladesh’s Beximco pharmaceuticals had signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Serum Institute to procure 30 million doses of Covishield, after the country’s drug regulator approved administering of Indian vaccine.

    SRI LANKA

    Sri Lanka has requested vaccine doses and was assured by External Affairs Minister Dr S Jaishankar during his call with President Gotabaya Rajapaksa in Colombo.

    Meanwhile, Sri Lanka is looking at acquiring vaccines under UN backed COVAX facility which subsidises the shots for 92 low and middle-income countries.

    MALDIVES

    The Maldives remains engaged with India to acquire the vaccine.

    AFGHANISTAN

    India has offered to assist Afghanistan. Foreign ministers of the two sides spoke recently where discussion over Covid vaccine roll out in India also came up.

    “A great pleasure to talk to my friend Indian EAM HE @DrSJaishankar. We discussed resumption of #AfghanPeaceTalks in Doha & garnering regional and intl support for a ceasefire leading to a political settlement in AFG. Congrats excellency on Covid vaccine roll out in India,” Atmar tweeted Friday.

    India is facing massive demand for Covid vaccines not just from the neighbourhood but from other countries as well. According to officials, the demands of every country will be met on a “case to case” basis similar to how India handled HCQ demand.

    Meanwhile, Adar Poonawalla, SII CEO, and Bharat Biotech chairman and managing director Dr Krishna Ella issued a joint statement Tuesday pledging towards a “smooth rollout of Covid-19 vaccines to India and the world”.

    According to Krishna Ella, around 12-14 countries have shown interest in Bharat Biotech’s vaccine, including the US and the UK.

    “All these countries want safer technology and not very high technology. They want that the vaccine should be safe and doesn’t have long-term side-effects. We are also in advance talks with the Bangladesh government for starting clinical trials there. Also, we are talking to the Indian government on signing purchase agreements,” Ella said at a virtual press briefing Monday.

    BRICS:
    Of the BRICS nations, Brazil and South Africa both have expressed desire to purchase the vaccines from India.

    BRAZIL

    Brazil’s President Jair Bolsonaro wrote a letter to Prime Minister Narendra Modi requesting for 2 million Covishield vaccines manufactured by Serum Institute on an ‘urgent’ basis given the growing cases of coronavirus in the country.

    In the letter, Bolsonaro wrote, “I would appreciate being able to count on Your Excellency’s good offices to anticipate the supply to Brazil, with the possible urgency and without jeopardizing the Indian vaccination program, of 2 million doses of the immunizer produced by the Serum Institute of India.”

    SOUTH AFRICA

    South Africa’s health ministry said on Thursday that the country would get 1.5 million vaccines from the Serum Institute of India (SII), with a million coming in January and the remainder the following month.

    The ministry added in a statement that it was working with the country’s health regulator SAHPRA to ensure there were no delays with the rollout of the vaccines.

    OTHERS

    JAPAN

    The government has placed orders for 120 million doses from the Pfizer-BioNTech, 120 million from Oxford-AstraZeneca, 50 million from Moderna and 250 million from Novavax.

    SOUTH KOREA

    The government has placed orders for 20 million doses each from Pfizer-BioNTech and Oxford-AstraZeneca. Health authorities are set to receive another 10 million doses through the WHO-backed Covax Facility.

    They have signed deals for four million doses of the Johnson & Johnson candidate.

    AUSTRALIA

    The Australian government has secured 140 million doses in all. 53.8 Million from Oxford-AstraZeneca, 51 million from Novavax, and 10 million from Pfizer-BioNTech. Another 25.5 doses will be supplied by Covax.

    PHILIPPINES

    The government plans to have at least 50 million and has pre-ordered 2.6 million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine. Philippines health minister said they are in talks with the Serum Institute of India for 30 million doses of the Novavax vaccine. To be ready by July 2021. A formal deal could come through by the end of the year.

    It is also in talks to secure more from Pfizer-BioNTech.

    INDONESIA

    They have ordered 338 million vaccine doses, mostly from China, 125.5 million doses from Sinovac, 60 million from Sinopharm and 20 million from CanSino Biologics.

    The country will also receive 100 million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine and 30 million from Novavax.

    Amid controversy over whether if the vaccines are ‘halal’ or not, Indonesia’s Ulema Council on Friday gave its approval to a coronavirus vaccine produced by China’s Sinovac Biotech, deeming it to be permissible under Islam.

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    The council said the shot, named CoronaVac, was “holy and halal”, although the vaccine’s medical authorization still rests with Indonesia’s food and drug agency.

    VIETNAM

    Vietnam has registered to buy about 50 million-150 million vaccine doses from Russia. Apart from this, also vaccines developed by Britain.

    THAILAND

    The government purchased 26 million doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine, expected to arrive only till June. The target is to acquire 66 million doses by next year, rest will be sourced from Covax and manufacturers in the United States, China, Britain and Russia.

    SINGAPORE

    The government will provide funds worth S$1 billion for vaccines from Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech and Sinovac, without disclosing volumes or further financial details.

    Many of the nations would be acquiring vaccines manufactured in India under the World Health Organisation’s GAVI-COVAX alliance.

    Meanwhile, WHO has urged countries to stop making bilateral vaccine deals, and if they have signed contracts for more than they need, to release them to the globally shared Covax programme.

    World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus asked countries that have booked excess vaccine doses to “donate and release them to Covax immediately,” adding, “Stop making bilateral deals at the expense of Covax.”

  • 2021-1-11,更多澳洲人将接种牛津-阿斯利康疫苗

    澳大利亚人将更有可能注射牛津阿斯利康新冠疫苗(Oxford-AstraZeneca),虽然在全球范围内,辉瑞(Pfizer)疫苗更早获得上市许可推广范围更广。

    目前,澳大利亚已经获取1000万剂辉瑞疫苗和5380万剂牛津-阿斯利康新冠疫苗。

    澳大利亚第一批使用的是辉瑞疫苗,政府预计该疫苗本月底将获得上市许可。而药监局计划将在二月底决定是否批准牛津-阿斯利康新冠疫苗上市。

    澳大利亚首席医疗官保罗·凯利(Paul Kelly)表示澳大利亚计划接种更多牛津阿斯利康疫苗的原因主要是,辉瑞疫苗在海外生产,而运输和储存需要保证温度在零下70度以下,而牛津-阿斯利康疫苗正在墨尔本按期生产中。

    凯利还表示提高人们对这两种疫苗的信心对政府来说尤为重要。澳大利亚花费2400万澳元的广告宣传将从很快正式上线,致力于打消人们对疫苗安全性的担忧。

    凯利称人们常常讨论疫苗安全性问题,但他认为虽然面对目前的危险状况以及人们回归正常生活的需求,疫苗许可获批的过程比以往加快了很多,但在疫苗真正上市时,其中每一个环节和要求都仍旧会得到满足,不会抄近路。

    澳大利亚原本计划三月开始的疫苗接种计划已经调整,将提前六周开始推行。

    在澳大利亚边境工作直接面临病毒感染风险的人群、隔离酒店工作人员、医护人员、清洁工以及运输人员将具有注射疫苗的优先权。

  • 2021-1-11,英国新冠变种病毒现在传播到哪里了?

    根据英国cov-lineages.org的数据,到目前为止有45个国家在本国检测出英国新冠变种病毒。从事其他工作的同时,cov-lineages.org也在追踪新型新冠毒株在全球传播的情况。

    13个国家已经记录到新冠变种病毒的本地传播病例。研究表明,变种病毒的传播性比早期出现的毒株高70%。

    丹麦、法国、德国、爱尔兰、意大利、瑞士、葡萄牙和荷兰等欧洲国家都记录到传染了英国新冠变种病毒的病例。

    在欧洲以外的国家,美国、加拿大、以色列和菲律宾也记录到这种病毒在本地传播的病例。

    12月29日,美国首次在一名没有旅行史的男子身上发现了英国变种病毒。

    根据美国疾病控制中心(Centres for Disease Control)的数据,全国范围内共记录到63例病例。

    美国出现变种病毒病例最多的州包括加利福利亚州、佛罗里达州和科罗拉多州,三地的新冠变种病毒传染病例分别为33例、22例和三例。在美国,科罗拉多州是首次检测到英国变异毒株的地方。

    以上并非在美国传播的英国新冠变种病毒的全部病例数量,只是对检测阳性样本进行分析后发现的病例。发现变种病毒病例的同时,美国记录的单日新增病例也达到了创纪录的30万例。

  • 2021-1-11,新型毒株不断扩散,更严格的封锁限制是新常态吗?

    我们还不知道答案。但是,在实施其他限制措施的同时,大布里斯班(Greater Brisbane)地区被封锁了。因为,这是首次有新冠变异毒株的无症状感染者进入澳大利亚并在社会上活动。

    昆州首席卫生官珍妮特·杨(Jeannette Young)表示,她对昆州酒店隔离中爆发英国毒株传播并不感到奇怪。

    “必须记住,这是一种传染性很强的病毒,从未出现过的新变种病毒,传染性要高70%,”杨医生说。

    “所以,我对因为这种病毒首次出现[三个月来的本地]感染病例并不惊讶。 其他州也出现过多次病毒从隔离酒店传播出去的情况,而在大多数情况下,这些州都没能找出发生这种情况的原因。”

    贝雷吉克林认为,变种病毒的传播导致有关部门重新审查针对病毒的应对措施。

    “不断重新审查我们所处的环境,保持警惕,并在不久的将来继续在[新州]的室内环境下戴口罩。

    “任何我们能够做的降低传染风险的事都非常重要。尤其是,现在我们了解到了这些毒株的传播情况,而所有的专家都给出意见,说变异毒株在适当的时候会成为主要的毒株。”

    她说,就像三月实施的全国性封锁一样,减少 抵达澳大利亚的国际旅客数量等措施给了有关部门时间来应对新型毒株。

    “[这样]让我们有更多的时间来了解病毒怎样传播,病毒的新变异毒株怎样传播,这很重要,”她说。

    她表示,自己想看到更多的澳大利亚人飞回国,但新冠变种病毒让人担忧。

    “我认为,这一直是我们的心愿,但我们不能假想目前病毒的变异程度有多严重……卫生专家说变种病毒的传播力比其他毒株高50%—70%。如果是这样,我们就必须考虑以后怎么办了。”

  • 2021-1-11,变种病毒对推广疫苗接种有何影响?

    科学家预计病毒会发生变异,因为新冠病毒和所有病毒一样,会不断进化。

    疫苗研制时已经考虑到了这一点。新的研究表明,辉瑞公司(Pfizer)的新冠疫苗可以对付英国和南非的变种病毒。

    这是一项初步研究,西方国家目前为止在使用的另外两种主要新冠疫苗——莫德纳(Moderna)疫苗和阿斯利康(AstraZeneca)疫苗则没有类似研究。

    但跟踪病毒变异过程的宾夕法尼亚大学(University of Pennsylvania)教授弗雷德里克·布什曼(Frederic Bushman)说,“没有理由认为疫苗不会对这些毒株发挥作用。”

    并未参与辉瑞公司疫苗研发的布什曼教授告诫说,对疫苗应对变种病毒能力的研究只测试了一种针对一种变异病毒的疫苗。

    莫德纳疫苗和阿斯利康疫苗也在从事类似的测试,布什曼教授说期待出现类似的结果。

    这项研究标志着已经开始了对疫苗应对变异病毒效果的持续监测,这项工作确保在世界各地推出的所有疫苗都能继续发挥作用。